Abstract: Innovation plays an important role in China’s major projects like the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Science and technology help resolving core technological difficulties in the construction of the Railway, providing strong supports for technological innovation with basic data accumulated over long period, for breakthrough in core technologies with focused research, and for promoting application of research results with timely supports to the technological demands of the project. The survey shows that major projects are in urgent demand for forward planning and stable support, which are in turn effective means to provide supports to such projects by science and technology. The article suggests that project scientific research activities shall be carried out in national laboratories and project technological research centers for each project’s application, meeting the technological demands of national key projects with forward planning and providing reliable support to key technological research base of those projects.