Abstract: Under the condition of socialist market economy, the new type of whole nation system can strongly guarantee the implementation of major S&T innovation activities. This paper introduces the characteristics of the new type of whole nation system and discusses the differences between it with the old whole nation system. The new type of whole nation system is mainly oriented by the market and commodities. It pays more attention to the efficiency. Combining with the oversea and domestic experience, this paper gives several suggestions on the implementation of the new type of whole nation system.