专题栏目






专题

“汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查”主报告
www.casted.org.cn 作者:战略研究院 日期:2009-11-30  点击数:5293 
 

目 录

“汶川地震灾区居民重建恢复情况调查”主报告 ................... 3

  一、基本情况 .........................................................................3

二、主要发现 ..........................................................................................5
三、政策建议 ......................................................................................... 11
专题报告一:灾区居民的居住条件和环境明显改善,但配套设施还有待完善 ............ 17
一、灾后住房重建工作成果显著,九成灾区居民现居住于永久性住房 ...........17
二、基础设施及居住环境有较大改善,但仍需进一步改善 .............................18
三、生活配套设施完善,除了临时住所家庭,生活方便程度普遍恢复到震前 ........20
四、临时性房屋住户的居住状况是政府应该关注的重点 .................21
五、政策建议 ......................................................21
专题报告二:灾后住房重建工作进展迅速, 新房入住满意度高 ................ 23
一、约三分之一灾区家庭的住房在地震中倒塌或严重毁损,面临住房重建问题 ......... 23
二、九成住房受损家庭入住永久住房,加固修复和自家重建是住房重建的主要方式 . 24
三、关注临时住房中的家庭的住房问题,提升他们解决永久性住房的信心 ................. 25
四、住房补贴发放基本到位,贷款政策尚有改进空间 ......................................27
五、八成以上入住新房的家庭对新房表示满意 ............................................27
六、政策建议 ...................................................................28
专题报告三:灾区失业率控制在较低水平, 但特定群体的失业问题比较突出 ................... 29
一、灾区失业率控制在 1.9%的较低水平 ................................................29
二、九成以上失业者有较强的就业意愿,就业潜力巨大 ................................................. 30
三、板房区居民、青年群体和农业户口居民的失业问题值得重视 ................................. 31
四、失业者希望获得多方面的政策帮助 ........................................................32
五、政策建议 ..................................................................................33
专题报告四:灾区居民的就业质量不高, 潜在失业风险不容忽视 ....................................... 37
一、两成就业者是在震后获得的当前工作 ............................................37
二、相当比例的就业者从事的是临时性工作,工作稳定性不高 ..................................... 38
三、就业者工作收入水平不高,收入减少现象普遍 ......................................................... 38
四、许多就业者担心未来两年内失去当前工作 ................................................................. 39
五、就业者对当前工作的主观满意度总体较高 ................................................................. 40
六、政策建议 ..............................................................41
专题报告五:灾区居民对就业技能培训的需求旺盛,现有培训体系难以满足需求 ............. 43
一、震后灾区就业培训覆盖范围小,渠道单一,对就业作用有限 ................................. 43
二、近三成居民有就业培训需求,已有培训活动尚不能满足需求 ................................. 44
三、政策建议 ........................................................................46
专题报告六:灾区农村面临着恢复农业生产和解决失地农民问题的双重挑战 ................... 47
一、农业生产活动总体稳定,九成以上农业家庭震后仍从事农业生产 ......................... 47
二、农民失地问题值得关注,两成以上农业家庭因地震或震后重建损失了土地 ......... 48
三、农业生产情况不容乐观,四成农业家庭震后农业生产情况变差 ............................. 49
四、震后农业政策落实较好,农民对农业补贴和技术支持政策有较强需求 ................. 49
五、政策建议 .................................................51
专题报告七:灾区家庭经营比较活跃, 但面临众多困难 .................................... 53
一、灾区家庭经营比较活跃,不仅满足居民生活需求,也提供了大量就业岗位 ......... 53
二、地震灾区家庭经营发展面临不少困难 ......................................................................... 55
三、灾区家庭经营户迫切需要实际政策支持和良好的经营环境 ..................................... 56
四、政策建议 .......................................................58
专题报告八:灾区居民健康状况稳定,医疗卫生条件明显改善,但服务质量有待提高 ..... 61
一、灾区居民总体健康状况稳定,基本已经恢复到震前水平 ......................................... 61
二、灾区医保覆盖率达94.0%,城镇和高教育程度人口医保覆盖率相对较低 .............. 63
三、灾区医疗服务可及性和可得性均显著提高,但医疗服务质量尚有提高空间 ......... 64
四、妇幼保健服务水平大幅度提升 ..................................................65
五、政策建议 .....................................................66
专题报告九:灾区中小学校舍重建进展顺利,但非重建学校发展和学费高的问题值得关注
.........................67
一、校舍重建取得很大进展,但在临时性校舍的学生仍占相当比例 ............................. 67
二、教学硬件设施条件普遍恶化,教学质量却有所提高,家长总体满意度高 ............. 68
三、半数灾区中小学生享受了某种优惠政策,但教育费用偏高问题仍值得关注 ......... 69
四、政策建议 ..................................................................71
专题报告十:灾区居民互助互济、积极参与重建, 社会团结和信任程度明显提高 ........... 73
一、灾区居民得到了广泛的社会支持,政府是最重要的支持提供者 ............................. 73
二、灾区居民积极参与公益性重建活动 ...............................................74
三、灾区居民的社会团结程度提高,信任程度较略有下降,但仍高于震前水平 ......... 75
四、政策建议 .............................................................76
专题报告十一:灾区居民政策知晓率低,对重建政策的需求重点发生变化 ......................... 79
一、灾区居民政策知晓率低 ...................................79
二、灾后政策的实施瞄准了灾区居民的需求,得到灾区群众的肯定 ............................. 80
三、灾区居民的政策需求重点由生存问题转向发展和公平问题 ..................................... 81
四、居民对中央政府和省政府保持高度好评,对基层政府信任度和满意度明显降低 . 83
五、政策建议 ........................................................................................85
专题报告十二:营造良好的社会心态环境,促进灾区社会和谐发展 ....................87
一、灾区居民生活恢复迅速,对当前生活的满意度较高 .....................................87
二、灾区居民对未来生活充满信心 ......................................................... 89
三、灾区社会心态总体稳定,但对重建中的社会不公平和贫富分化问题感受加深 ..... 90
四、居民社会安全感较高,但余震威胁对部分居民造成心理负担 ................... 91
五、政策建议 .........................................92
Report of the Survey on Residents' Restoration and Reconstruction in Wenchuan Earthquake-hit Areas ...........................93
I. Basic Information .............................93
II. Major Findings ................................................94
1. Ninety percent of residents in the affected areas now have moved into permanenthousing with improved living conditions, but supporting facilities need to be furtherimproved ......................................94
2. The unemployment rate maintains low, but the potential unemployment risk should not be ignored. The employment and training needs of the residents have not yet been fully met .............................96
3. Agricultural production is less than what is desired. Arable land loss warrants attention; family business is active, longing for government support and better business environment ...........................96
4. Medical care, education and other public services are significantly improved, but the quality of medical services and education equity deserve more attention ...............97
5. Residents are helpful to each other and full of public-spirit. The focus on their policy needs has shifted from survival issues to development issues .............................98
6. Social attitude of the residents remains stable, with a high degree of satisfaction in living conditions and good perception of social security, but the sense of social injustice is also on the rise ........................... 99
III. Policy Suggestions ......................100
1. Water and sanitation issues should be the focus in post-earthquake construction in rural areas ..................100
2. It is necessary to expect a drop in the employment rate when the reconstruction ends, and to improve the training system ..........................100
3. Attach importance to and solve practical difficulties relevant to production and living conditions in the earthquake-hit areas ................................101
4. As well as strengthening the "hardware" facilities of public services (e.g. health care and education), "software" development such as quality and fairness of the public services should also be guaranteed ............................................................................... 101
5Draw on the initiatives of the affected people, encourage them to help each other and to be more actively involved in the public-interest reconstruction activities ................ 102
6. Keep on increasing implementation power and public confidence of the grass-root government officials in the disaster areas in order to deal with more difficult tasks in the future ...........................................102
7. Strengthen the openness, transparency and public participation of post-earthquake reconstruction, so as to increase public satisfaction and trust towards government ..... 102
8. Through active policy interventions, reduce social differentiation and improve social harmony and stability .......................103

下载相关附件>>>>

上一条: 08调研报告:关于编制国家技术路线图推进规划纲要实施的建议
下一条: 汶川地震灾区重建恢复:双重挑战下的中小企业[2009-11-30]
【字体: 【打印本稿】

相关链接